Goldstein, I

The field of female sexual dysfunction is biopsychosocial and multi-disciplinary as understood since the 1990’s. This video describes changes in medical and surgical treatments from 2000 to 2025 for sexual dysfunctions experienced by women. This includes the development of paradigms for diagnosis and treatment by the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health and a discussion of the various pharmacologic and hormonal agents and surgical strategies based on the specific sexual dysfunction. While far more is known about sexual dysfunction in men, sexual problems occur more often in women.

Thank you to Kiki Mack for her editing of this video.

1. Goldstein I, Simon JA, Kaunitz AM, Altomare C, Yoshida Y, Zhu J, Schaffer S, Soulban G. Effects of ospemifene on genitourinary health assessed by prospective vulvar-vestibular photography and vaginal/vulvar health indices. 2019 26;9:994-1001. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001350
2. Simon JA, Clayton AH, Goldstein I, et al. Effects of Flibanserin on Subdomain Scores of the Female Sexual Function Index in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Sex Med 2022;10:100570.
3. Goldstein SW, Goldstein I, Kim NN. Vestibular Tissue Changes Following Administration of Intravaginal Prasterone: A Vulvoscopic Open-Label, Pilot Study in Menopausal Women with Dyspareunia. Sexual Medicine, Volume 11, Issue 3, June 2023, qfad028, https://doi.org/10.1093/sexmed/qfad028.
4. Clayton AH, Althof SE, Kingsberg S, DeRogatis LR, Kroll R, Goldstein I, Kaminetsky J, Spana C, Lucas J, Jordan R, Portman DJ. Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial. Womens Health (Lond Engl). 2016 Jun;12(3):325-37.
5. Goldstein I, Komisaruk BR, Pukall CF, Kim NN, Goldstein AT, Goldstein SW, Hartzell-Cushanick R, Kellogg-Spadt S, Kim CW, Jackowich RA, Parish SJ, Patterson A, Peters KM, Pfaus JG, International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) Review of Epidemiology and Pathophysiology, and a Consensus Nomenclature and Process of Care for the Management of Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder/Genito-Pelvic Dysesthesia (PGAD/GPD), J Sex Med 2021;18;665-697.