Evolution of surgical options for Peyronie’s disease

L. Levine

inflammation, immune response, pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, clinical outcomes

This legend series episode is about the role of inflammatory and immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progression of disease. It summarizes and critically discusses current evidence, highlighting key molecular pathways, clinical implications, and potential therapeutic targets. Particular attention is given to the interaction between systemic factors and localized tissue responses, as well as their impact on disease severity and patient outcomes. Emerging data suggest that a more integrated approach, considering both underlying mechanisms and clinical presentation, may improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies.